1. Clinical Cases mentioned in the document:
1st Case: Courtesy of Chelsea Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
2nd case: Courtesy of Colin Monaghan, CT Superintendent, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
3rd case: Courtesy of Chest & Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
4th case: Courtesy of Colin Monaghan, CT Superintendent, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
2. Internal data: Cattini G.H and Walsh A. - A bolus shaping software used to reduce the amount of contrast given to patients during CT exams without reducing the diagnostic confidence (2010)
Navin, P, Murray, A.M, Nandikumar, K, Waldron, R, Tuohy, B., Shaped-bolus protocol reduces contrast medium volume in abdominal CT while maintaining image quality - Clinical Radiology (Oct 2016)
3. Greatest enhancement with Optibolus® versus without Optibolus®
4. Kyongtae T. Bae - Intravenous Contrast Medium Administration and Scan Timing at CT: considerations and approaches (Radiology ; July 2010 ; 256(1):32-61)
5. Markus M Schreiner et Al. - A BMI-adjusted ultra-low-dose CT angiography protocol for the peripheral arteries-Image quality, diagnostic accuracy and radiation exposure (Eur J Radiol ; August 2017 ; 93:149-156)
6. Radiology Department, Ulster Hospital - Belfast/UK - Contrast Reduction in pre-TAVI assessment - POSTER C-1206 ECR 2014 - "The overall volume of iodine administered to the patient can be reduced by approximately 35% (from 37.5g to 24.5g) without sacrificing image quality"
7. Thomsen H. S., Morcos S. K., Barrett B. J. - Contrast-induced nephropathy, the wheel has turned 360 degrees - Acta Radiologica (July 2008; 49.646-657)
8. Kerl JM; Ravenel JG; Nguyen SA; Suranyi P; Thilo C; Costello P; Bautz W; Schoepf UJ - Split-Bolus Injection of Diluted Contrast Medium for Visualization at Coronary CT Angiography - Radiology. 2008 May;247(2):356-64
8b. Utsunomiya D. & Al. - Cardiac 16-MDCT for Anatomic and Functional Analysis: Assessment of a Biphasic Contrast Injection Protocol - AJR:187, September 2006
9. Kyongtae T. Bae, Huy Q. Tran, Jay P.Heiken - Multiphasic Injection Method for Uniform Prolonged Vascular Enhancement at CT Angiography: Pharmacokinetic Analysis and Experimental Porcine Model - Radiology (Sept. 2000; 216:872-880)